Convert temperatures between Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (K), Rankine (°R), Delisle, Newton, and Réaumur with thermodynamic water phase state detection.
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Temperature calculations utilize exact SI and NIST constants with rational fractions. Body temperature and culinary thresholds (e.g. USDA 40°F–140°F danger zone) are provided solely for educational reference. Consult calibrated diagnostic instruments for clinical or commercial decisions.
| Thermodynamic Scale | Magnitude | Freezing Point | Boiling Point | Absolute Zero | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celsius°C(Input) Standard metric scientific & global scale | 37 °C | 0 °C | 100 °C | -273.15 °C | |
Fahrenheit°F US standard meteorological & consumer scale | 98.6 °F | 32 °F | 212 °F | -459.67 °F | |
KelvinK SI fundamental base absolute thermodynamic scale | 310.15 K | 273.15 K | 373.15 K | 0 K | |
Rankine°R US engineering absolute scale (Fahrenheit increments) | 558.27 °R | 491.67 °R | 671.67 °R | 0 °R | |
Delisle°De Inverted historical mercury scale (boiling=0) | 94.5 °De | 150 °De | 0 °De | 559.73 °De | |
Réaumur°Ré Historical European cheese-making & brewing scale | 29.6 °Ré | 0 °Ré | 80 °Ré | -218.52 °Ré | |
Rømer°Rø Historical Danish scale devised by Ole Rømer in 1701 | 26.93 °Rø | 7.5 °Rø | 60 °Rø | -135.90 °Rø |
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Convert temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine scales with high precision and physical phase transition indicators.
Metric temperature scale based on 0° freezing and 100° boiling point of water.
Imperial temperature scale based on 32° freezing and 212° boiling point.
SI absolute thermodynamic temperature scale with null point at absolute zero.
Phase equilibrium state of pure H2O at 1 atmosphere pressure.
To estimate Celsius to Fahrenheit in your head, double the Celsius temperature and add 30 (e.g. 20°C × 2 + 30 = 70°F, close to exact 68°F).
-40° Celsius is exactly equal to -40° Fahrenheit. This is the unique mathematical convergence point of both linear scales.
In official SI typography, write '273.15 K', not '273.15 °K'. Kelvin is an absolute unit, not a relative degree scale.
Absolute zero (-273.15°C, -459.67°F, 0 K) represents the lowest possible thermal energy in physics. Values below this threshold violate thermodynamic laws and are blocked.
Most commercial ovens operate in 25°F or 10°C increments. 350°F (176.7°C) is typically set to 175°C or 180°C on convection ovens.
Multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8 (or 9/5) and then add 32: °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32.
Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature, then multiply by 5/9 (or divide by 1.8): °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8.
Rankine (°R) is the absolute temperature scale based on Fahrenheit degree intervals. 0 °R is absolute zero, and water freezes at 491.67 °R.
Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. At high elevations, atmospheric pressure is lower, causing water to boil below 100°C (212°F).
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